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The art of cultivating bonsai trees is a Japanese tradition stretching back hundreds of years.  Bonsai literally translates to “tray planting,” and involves actively growing and shaping trees into an artistic dwarfed version of themselves.  A bonsai tree is not a special dwarf or hybrid species of a common tree; they’re genetically identical to their taller brothers and sisters.  It’s the careful cultivation that keeps these trees small.  However, the trees are not sick or damaged.  In fact, given the proper attention, the bonsai version of a tree can exceed the life expectancy of the same tree if it were grown in the wild.

Grown from seeds or cuttings, Bonsai trees normally grow in height from two inches to three feet.  Through pruning both branches and roots bonsai trees are kept small.  Additionally, new growth is often removed when the bonsai plants are periodically repotted.

There is a much about art as there is about horticulture in the growing and cultivating of bonsai trees.  Not only are bonsai trees kept small, they are also formed into pleasing shapes.  They often follow a number of different growth patterns, from elaborate waterfall shapes cascading down over their pots to simple triangular pattens.  The various shapes are normally a product of both the pruning of the tree and through the wrapping the branches and trunk with wire, shaping the tree into its desired form.  The pots themselves are part of the art as well, chosen to compliment the shape and color of the tree itself.  Rocks and mosses are frequently added to the base for aesthetic appeal.

Taking care of a bonsai tree is more complicated than the growing of most houseplants.  Since the bonsai has has a smaller root system than most plants, it needs fertilizer and water more frequently than the majority of garden-variety houseplants.  Occasional pruning is also essential, since without pruning the bonsai tree would grow into just a normal large tree.  Also, if wire is used to help mold and form the tree, it is important to take care that the wire doesn’t dig into the bark of the tree, scarring the branches permanently.  Depending on the type of bonsai tree and your climate, you may be able to keep some bonsai trees outside year round, while others will need to be kept inside for at least part of the year.  Since moisture in the soil, leaves, and branches of the bonsai is important, they need to be misted occasionally if they are to develop healthily.

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